What They Are and How to Use Them
The Psychological Corollary is derived from one of the 12 principles of attribution theory selected as the focus of each of MAKING THE EFFORT's 12 units.
The Lesson Objective translates this psychological corollary into an instructional objective. It states expected student outcomes and gives examples that are illustrated in the lesson. This objective also serves as a basis for evaluating students' understanding of concepts and behaviors presented in the lesson.
Social Behaviors are those behaviors and attitudes exhibited by people who successfully achieve the lesson objectives. The behaviors typed in capital letters are the focus of the lesson's Behavior Development Activity. Other behaviors listed are illustrated in the student lesson.
Vocabulary words have been categorized as Social Vocabulary-those words that relate to behaviors illustrated in the lesson-and Other Vocabulary- general words students might find difficult. Social vocabulary is often the focus of the introductory activity. Teachers might find it appropriate to introduce all vocabulary words prior to the lesson when students complete a lesson independently. When the lesson is done as a group activity, vocabulary words might be introduced as they appear throughout the lesson.
The Introduction is intended for use prior to the student workbook lesson to motivate and focus students' attention. Generally speaking, lesson introductions are comprised of discussion, brainstorming, and introductions to vocabulary (included in the student workbook lesson) with which students may be unfamil-iar. Activities described in later sections of the lesson may also be appropriate for introducing the lesson; teachers should feel free to use any activity that they believe will motivate students.
Transitions between introductory activities and the workbook lesson may be necessary; teachers are encouraged to approach transitions in the manner they feel will be most effective with their students.
The questions in the Group Use of Student Workbook section are included to help teachers structure the class while students read, complete, and discuss the lesson's worksheets. If students complete the worksheets independently, these questions may be used as a follow-up activity or as advance organizers to focus students' attention.
Follow-up activities are designed to ensure that students have comprehended the main points of the lesson and that students can apply the concepts to their own lives. These activities usually include discussion questions for use after students complete the lesson. In addition, this section often includes brainstorming, small group assignments, and roleplaying activities. The section in the Introduction to this Teacher's Guide titled "Special Methods used in MAKING THE EFFORT" provides suggestions on how to use these activities.
The Behavior Development Activities connect specific social behaviors to the objectives covered in workbook lessons. These activities are designed to help students develop and polish specific social behaviors. They should be used following the workbook lesson. The behaviors emphasized in the specific activities are indexed in this Teacher's Guide (p. 189). The behavior development activities emphasize interpersonal skills and generally use small-group interactive methods including roleplaying, small-group tasks, and other similar activities.
Note that some of these activities require that students participate in ways that may be seen as sensitive and personal; teachers will want to consider the nature of the activity when selecting students to play specific roles or comprise specific groups.
Note also that behavior development activities are included in most--but not all-lesson plans. Teachers may wish to use MAKING THE EFFORT's situation cards as an additional lesson activity.
The Review section enables teachers to quickly recap what students have learned. Items in the review section may be appropriate for tests or other types of evaluation.
Homework assignments should be considered optional; they may also be incorporated into in-class activities as appropriate or assigned to students seeking extra credit.